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Men Masc. Not all careers in society are paid the same, even if they require very similar levels of education and work hours. Careers in healthcare, teaching and social work currently pay less than careers in technology and engineering that require similar levels of education.
Please indicate the degree to which YOU agree or disagree with the following statements? The government should enact policies to encourage an increase in pay in occupations such as nursing, teaching, and social work so that their pay will match levels of pay in technology and engineering.
Governments should commit funding toward increasing salaries in occupations such as nursing, teaching, and social work to match salaries in technology and engineering.
It would be fair to increase salaries for occupations such as nursing, teaching, and social work until they become similar to salaries in engineering and technology related occupations. Greater pay equality for occupations such as nursing, teaching and social work would be beneficial to society as a whole. The different levels of pay we currently see when comparing the fields of nursing, teaching and social work to the fields of engineering and technology are justified.
It is sensible that those with occupations in engineering and technology related fields have higher salaries than those in nursing, teaching and social work. We do NOT need to try to increase the pay of nurses, teachers and social workers to match those of engineers and computer scientists.
Men and women are currently unevenly distributed in different occupations. While there are more women in healthcare, teaching and social service professions, there are more men in engineering, technology and upper management professions. Occupations like nursing, teaching, and social work should be actively recruiting more men into such roles.
There should be more training programs in place to promote gender equality in fields where men are under-represented. Policies should be enacted to encourage hiring more men in jobs where they are fewer in number, such as nursing, teaching, and social work.
Governments should commit resources toward changing the uneven gender distributions in fields like nursing, teaching, and social work. Professions such as nursing, teaching, and social work would be enhanced with a more equal distribution of men and women.
Greater gender equality in currently female-dominated occupations would be beneficial to society as a whole. Men would benefit if they were more equally represented in professions such as nursing, teaching and social work. Women would benefit if men were more equally represented in professions such as nursing, teaching and social work. Children would benefit if men were more equally represented in professions such as nursing, teaching and social work.
Those served by nurses, teachers or social workers would benefit if men were equally represented in such professions. Occupations like engineering, computing, and management should be actively recruiting more women into such roles. There should be more training programs in place to promote gender equality in fields where women are under-represented.
Policies should be enacted to encourage hiring more women in jobs where they are fewer in number, such as engineering, computing, and management. Governments should commit resources toward changing the uneven gender distributions in fields like engineering, computing, and management.
Professions such as engineering, computing, and management would be enhanced with a more equal distribution of men and women.
Greater gender equality in male-dominated occupations would be beneficial to society as a whole. Men would benefit if women were more equally represented in professions such as engineering, computing, and management.
Women would benefit if they were more equally represented in professions such as engineering, computing, and management. Children would benefit if women were more equally represented in professions such as engineering, computing, and management. Those served by engineers, computer specialists, and those in management positions would benefit if women were equally represented in such professions.
Keywords : gender differences, agentic values, communal values, career evaluations, career choice, career status, occupational interest. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author s and the copyright owner s are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice.
No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Worth Less? Gendered Career Perceptions Despite several waves of feminism and active efforts by governments, men and women continue to be disproportionately represented in different types of occupations. Social Role Theory and Goal Congruity Social role theory Eagly, ; Eagly and Wood, provides a broad framework for understanding how gender segregation into different roles eventually leads new generations of men and women to internalize distinct traits and values.
Overview of Research In three samples of young adults, we examined the relationship between gender, personal values, and evaluations of HEED careers as both: a personally interesting, and b as having broader worth to society. Study 1 One goal of Study 1 was to extend previous work on goal congruity theory Diekman et al.
The full datasets all studies in this manuscript can be located at osf. Results Gender Differences Personal values Based on previous findings, we expected men to score lower than women on communal values but expected no clear gender difference in agency Diekman et al.
By comparing two clinical cases, I have attempted to show that this stylized image is sometimes part of a specific defensive structure, enacted in extreme forms as part of a perverse ritual. The idealized image is a secondary formation with roots in early transitional representations. As an adult defense, it isolates devalued attributes, particularly anal attributes, from an esthetic ideal and enables the narcissistically disturbed individual to effect an illusion of separation while maintaining compulsive control over a needed object.
The enactment of this defensive pattern frequently requires the cooperation of a partner. If you want to see just one example of the subtle ways our culture devalues femininity , all you have to do is Google a few things. But my gut reaction to high heels and makeup being "bad? Our culture devalues femininity in all kinds of ways, and so much of the time, we don't even notice it's happening. Racism and sexism and other -isms like them exist and persist based on who has historically been in power and what continues to be valued as powerful.
The way we think about women is deeply embedded into our culture. Blatant sexism is getting easier to call out and acknowledge. But the subtle way we talk about women, the nuanced ways we view attributes associated with women, become ingrained in us individually and as a culture. The less we value characteristics attached to women, the easier it is to justify devaluing women as a whole.
Here are just a few ways our culture devalues femininity. So, the next time you hear or see them, you can call them out for what they truly are: sexist garbage. Being kind and gentle are traditionally associated with femininity. Something something "sugar and spice. This article from Psychology Today examines kindness and whether or not it is a weakness. Spoiler: It's not. Here's a quote from author Ilana Simons Ph. D on why it isn't:. Fun fact: Human beings do not exist in mutually exclusive binaries.
You can be masculine and still identify as female. You can have traditionally feminine characteristics and a penis at the same time.
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