In her interview for Freedom Riders , she recalls the harrowing conditions at Parchman, which included forced vaginal examinations used as a tactic to humiliate and terrorize female prisoners. She later worked at the Smithsonian with the Community Relations Service and at the Departments of Commerce and Justice before teaching English as a second language at an Arlington, VA elementary school.
The year-old Tennessee State student was the drum major in the University marching band when, in , he became involved in the Nashville Movement. Ernest "Rip" Patton, Jr. Patton was one of 14 Tennessee State University students expelled for participating in the Rides. Following the Freedom Rides, he worked as a jazz musician, and later as a long-distance truck driver and community leader.
For the past three years, Patton has served as the Freedom Rider on an annual university sponsored Civil Rights tour of the Deep South. Born into the family of a wealthy clothing wholesaler in , Peck was a social outsider at Choate, an elite Connecticut prep school, in part because his family had only recently converted from Judaism to Episcopalianism.
At Harvard he quickly gained a reputation as a campus radical, shocking his classmates by bringing a black date to the freshman dance. Peck dropped out after the end of his freshman year, spending several years as an expatriate in Europe and working as a merchant seaman. Returning to the United States in , Peck devoted himself to organizing work and journalism on behalf of pacifist and social justice causes.
He spent almost three years in federal prison during World War II as a conscientious objector. After his release from prison in , he rededicated himself to pacifism and militant trade unionism.
It took more than an hour for Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth to find an ambulance willing to take Peck to the all-white Carraway Methodist Hospital, where staff refused to treat him.
Peck was finally able to see a doctor at Jefferson Hillman Hospital, where he received 53 stitches. Undeterred by his injuries, he urged the riders to continue.
James Peck passed away in The oldest of six children, he spent four years at Kentucky State University in Frankfort before enlisting for two years in the army in As a graduate student at the University of Michigan, he demonstrated on behalf of the Southern sit-in movement to end lunch counter segregation.
Perkins was the first member of the original CORE Freedom Ride to be arrested, for requesting a shoeshine from a whites-only shoeshine chair during an impromptu "shoe-in" in Charlotte, NC on May 9. After two days in a Charlotte jail, he rejoined the group and served as leader of the Greyhound Riders on May 14, when their bus was burned in Anniston, AL. Born and raised in Atlanta, Person had been surrounded by reminders of segregation throughout his life.
A gifted math and physics student who dreamed of a career as a scientist, he was refused admission to the all-white Georgia Institute of Technology. While at Morehouse, he became active in the Atlanta sit-in movement to integrate segregated lunch counters in early and was sentenced to 16 days in jail as a result.
After the Freedom Rides, Person joined the U. Marines in late , retiring after two decades of active service. He lived in Cuba from Since returning to Georgia, he has worked in Atlanta's public schools as a technology supervisor. When you grow up and face this humiliation every day, there is no one thing.
You always felt that way. On August 22, Thomas became the first Freedom Rider to appeal his conviction for breach of peace. Following the Freedom Rides, Thomas served in the Vietnam War, returning home after being wounded in In recent years, Thomas has owned and operated several hotel and fast food restaurant franchises in the Atlanta metro region. Previous day. Next day. Learn more. About this website Until we confront our history of racial injustice and its legacy, we cannot overcome the racial bias that exists today.
Share Share this Injustice Help confront our history to overcome racial inequality. Explore more events. Cox was arrested nearly 20 times during the civil rights movement and spent numerous days in jail. He represented Georgia in the U. House of Representatives from to In another attack during the rides, a white mob beat Lewis unconscious in Montgomery, Alabama. For several years until his death, beginning in , Lewis posted his mugshots on Twitter each year to mark the anniversary of his Mississippi arrest.
Person was born in Atlanta, Georgia, where hatred toward Black people was rampant. He wanted to attend the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, but during the time many universities weren't willing to look beyond his skin color to consider his intellect.
After multiple denials, Person attended Morehouse College and waded deep into the politics and racism of society by participating in rallies and facing discrimination head-on.
He would spend weeks behind bars after being arrested at protests and never failed to complete homework assignments. He joined the Freedom Riders at age 18 and would go down in history as the youngest original member. Though he wasn't on the bus that caught on fire in Anniston, Alabama, Person didn't come out of the journey unscathed. He experienced nightmares some men only see in war: burning vehicles with the doors held shut while people burned inside, caravans looking for people to lynch and blood leaking into his eyes after relentless beatings.
In May , the first Freedom Riders departed on their journey through the South to challenge segregated buses, bus terminals, lunch counters and other facilities associated with interstate travel.
These activists would be confronted, often violently, by police and mobs of white citizens, drawing international attention to social inequity in what became a pivotal moment in the civil rights movement. Facebook Twitter Email. Paving the way: Meet the 13 original Freedom Riders who changed travel in the South. Show Caption. Hide Caption. She was 13 when a bloodied John Lewis arrived at her home, looking for refuge. Search form Search. Back to the King Encyclopedia. Freedom Rides. May 4, to December 16, Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter.
Footnotes Arsenault, Freedom Riders , Carson, In Struggle , Garrow, Bearing the Cross , Lewis, Walking with the Wind , Peck, Freedom Ride , Ross, Witnessing and Testifying , This entry is part of the following collection Civil Disobedience.
Martin Luther King, Jr. Student movements. King addresses Youth Leadership Conference in Raleigh.
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